Skip header and navigation
The BC Cancer Library

Delivering timely service and evidence-informed resources to people in BC and the Yukon facing cancer and those involved in oncology care or research.

Refine by:

20 records – page 1 of 1.

Mayo Clinic guide to pain relief

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog115006
Mayo Clinic. Rochester, MN: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER) , 2013. 2nd ed.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WL704.6 M473 2014
Availability
3 copies, 3 available
Alternate Title
Mayo Clinic guide to pain relief : how to manage, reduce and control chronic pain
Corporate Author
Mayo Clinic
Editor
Bruce, Barbar K.
Harrison, Tracy E.
Edition
2nd ed.
Place of Publication
Rochester, MN
Publisher
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER)
Publication Date
2013
Physical Description
viii, 286 p. : ill. ; 27 cm.
Subjects
Chronic Pain - prevention & control
Chronic pain - therapy
Pain - prevention & control
Pain - therapy
Pain management
Self Care
Notes
Surrey CIC keep 2022
ISBN
040232001192
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Victoria Cancer Info Ctr
Abbotsford Cancer Info Ctr
Surrey Cancer Info Ctr
Call Number
WL704.6 M473 2014
Website Notes
This resource was purchased with a donation from the Order of the Eastern Star.

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency SUR Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

Compact clinical guide to cancer pain management : an evidence-based approach for nurses

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog122404
Davies, Pamela Stitzlein, D'Arcy, Yvonne M. New York, NY: Springer Publishing , 2013.
Audience
Professional
Contents:; Overview of cancer pain / Yvonne D?Arcy -- Assessing pain in patients with cancer / Yvonne D?Arcy -- Using non-opioid medications for cancer pain / Yvonne D?Arcy -- Opioid medications for cancer pain / Yvonne D?Arcy -- Co-analgesics for additive pain relief in cancer patients / Yvonne D?…
  1 read online  
Author
Davies, Pamela Stitzlein
D'Arcy, Yvonne M.
Place of Publication
New York, NY
Publisher
Springer Publishing
Publication Date
2013
Series
EBSCOhost eBook Nursing Collection
Compact clinical guide
Subjects
Neoplasms - nursing
Pain management
Evidence-Based Nursing
Palliative Care
Abstract
Contents:
Overview of cancer pain / Yvonne D?Arcy -- Assessing pain in patients with cancer / Yvonne D?Arcy -- Using non-opioid medications for cancer pain / Yvonne D?Arcy -- Opioid medications for cancer pain / Yvonne D?Arcy -- Co-analgesics for additive pain relief in cancer patients / Yvonne D?Arcy -- Management of side effects from pain medications / Pamela Stitzlein Davies -- Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) techniques for managing cancer pain / Yvonne D?Arcy -- Infusions and regional techniques / Yvonne D?Arcy -- Specialty blocks and implanted techniques for cancer pain management / Yvonne D?Arcy -- Palliative chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery for pain control / Pamela Stitzlein Davies -- The effect of opioid polymorphisms and other physiologic factors on treating cancer pain / Yvonne D?Arcy -- Opioid addiction, dependency, and tolerance in patients with cancer / Yvonne D?Arcy -- Developing a comprehensive plan of care and prescribing safely / Yvonne D?Arcy -- Cancer pain emergencies / Pamela Stitzlein Davies -- Neuropathic pain / Pamela Stitzlein Davies -- Myofascial pain / Pamela Stitzlein Davies -- Chronic pain in the cancer survivor / Pamela Stitzlein Davies -- Palliative care and hospice : care when there is no cure / Pamela Stitzlein Davies -- Pain management at the end of life / Pamela Stitzlein Davies -- Psychosocial aspects of cancer pain / Yvonne D?Arcy.
ISBN
9780826109736
082610973X
9780826109743
Language
English
Material Type
Ebook
Audience
Professional
Location
Internet
Website Notes
This EBSCO title is licensed for one BC Cancer staff user at a time only. Authentication via HealthBC sign in required. Use your BC Cancer staff username and ID when prompted.
Read Online
Show Less

Melt method : a breakthrough self-treatment system to eliminate chronic pain, erase the signs of aging, and feel fantastic in just 10 minutes a day!

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog114201
Hitzmann, Sue. New York, NY: Longevity Fitness Inc. , 2016.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WL704.6 H676 2016
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
Disc 1 - Getting Started; -Introduction to MELT; -The Method of MELTing; -Getting Started Guide; -Getting Started Treatments; Disc 2 - Melt Sequences; -Rebalance Sequence; -Rebalance and Upper Body Length Sequence; -Lower Body Compression Sequence; -Neck Release Sequence; -Lower Body Length and Low…
Author
Hitzmann, Sue
Place of Publication
New York, NY
Publisher
Longevity Fitness Inc.
Publication Date
2016
Physical Description
3 videodiscs + 1 guide (15 p. : ill. ; 12 cm)
Subjects
Chronic Pain - therapy
Exercise Movement Techniques
Exercise Therapy
Pain management
Self Care
Popular Work
Abstract
Disc 1 - Getting Started
-Introduction to MELT
-The Method of MELTing
-Getting Started Guide
-Getting Started Treatments
Disc 2 - Melt Sequences
-Rebalance Sequence
-Rebalance and Upper Body Length Sequence
-Lower Body Compression Sequence
-Neck Release Sequence
-Lower Body Length and Low Back Release Sequence
-Mini Soft Ball Hand Treatment
-Mini Soft Ball Foot Treatment
Disc 3 - Melt Maintenance Maps
-Maintenance Map 1 (21 min)
-Maintenance Map 2 (26 min.)
-Maintenance Map 3 (41 min.)
Notes
The companion 3-DVD set to the bestselling book - Cover
Language
English
Material Type
Video
DVD
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Victoria Cancer Info Ctr
Call Number
WL704.6 H676 2016

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

Palliative medicine : a case-based manual

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog120256
Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press , 2012. 3rd ed.
Audience
Professional
Call Number
WB310 P168 2012
Availability
2 copies, 2 available
Editor
Oneschuk, Doreen,
Hagen, Neil
MacDonald, Neil
Edition
3rd ed.
Place of Publication
Oxford, UK
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Publication Date
2012
Physical Description
xvii, 411 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.
Subjects
Palliative Care
Terminal Care
Pain management
Advance Care Planning
Case Reports
Notes
Contributor includes Dr. Pippa Hawley, BCCA
ISBN
9780199694143
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Audience
Professional
Location
Vancouver Library
Kelowna Library
Call Number
WB310 P168 2012

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Library Available
Show Less

20 tips to help you be part of the healthcare team : patient safety is #1

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog21170
BC Cancer Agency. [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency , 2013?.
Audience
Patient or Public
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
Alternate Title
Patient safety is # 1
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Agency
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency
Publication Date
2013?
Physical Description
10 p. ; 22 cm.
Subjects
BC Cancer Agency
Safety Management - standards
Patient Safety
Risk Management
Professional-Patient Relations
Health Personnel
Medical Errors
Quality Assurance, Health Care
Guideline
Language
English
Material Type
Booklet
Handout
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library Pamphlet File

Copies

VC BC Cancer Agency VC Library Pamphlet File Available
Show Less

Cancer rehabilitation : principles and practice

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog121473
New York, NY: Demos Medical | Springer Publishing Company , 2019. 2nd ed.
Audience
Professional
Call Number
QZ266 C218s 2019
Availability
2 copies, 2 available
Editor
Stubblefield, Michael D.
Edition
2nd ed.
Place of Publication
New York, NY
Publisher
Demos Medical
Springer Publishing Company
Publication Date
2019
Physical Description
xxiv, 1171 p. : ill. ; 29 cm.
Subjects
Neoplasms - therapy
Neoplasms - complications
Neoplasms - diagnosis
Neoplasms - rehabilitation
Neoplasms - psychology
Pain management
ISBN
9780826111388
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Audience
Professional
Location
Vancouver Library
Call Number
QZ266 C218s 2019

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Library Available
Show Less

Handbook of supportive oncology and palliative care : whole-person adult and pediatric care

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog122307
New York, NY: Demos Medical Publishing , 2019.
Audience
Professional
Call Number
QZ266 H236 2019
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
  1 read online  
Editor
Berger, Ann M.
Hinds, Pamela S.
Puchalski, Christina M.
Place of Publication
New York, NY
Publisher
Demos Medical Publishing
Publication Date
2019
Physical Description
xvi, 326 p. : ill. ; 21 cm.
Series
Proquest Ebook Central
Subjects
Neoplasms - therapy
Neoplasms - complications
Pain management
Palliative Care - methods
Evidence-Based Medicine
Adult
Child
ISBN
9780826128249
9780826128287
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Ebook
Audience
Professional
Location
Internet
Kelowna Library
Call Number
QZ266 H236 2019
Website Notes
This Proquest title is licensed for ONE BC Cancer staff user at a time. If you are denied access while on a network computer, please try again later.
Authentication via HealthBC sign in required. Use your BC Cancer staff username and ID when prompted.
Read Online

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Library Available
Show Less

Mind-body mood solution : the breakthrough drug-free program for lasting relief from depression

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog124162
Rossman, Jeffrey. [New York, NY]: Rodale , 2011.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WM416 R837m 2011
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
Author
Rossman, Jeffrey
Place of Publication
[New York, NY]
Publisher
Rodale
Publication Date
2011
Physical Description
x, 294 p. ; 23 cm
Subjects
Depression - prevention & control
Alternative Medicine
Mind Body Therapies
Popular Work
ISBN
9781609610432
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Call Number
WM416 R837m 2011

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
Show Less

Radiation safety orientation

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog20539
BC Cancer Agency. Sindi Ahluwalia Hawkins Centre for the Southern Interior. Kelowna, BC: BC Cancer Agency , 2012.
Audience
Professional
Call Number
WN650 B862r 2012
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Agency. Sindi Ahluwalia Hawkins Centre for the Southern Interior
Place of Publication
Kelowna, BC
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency
Publication Date
2012
Subjects
Safety - standards
Occupational Exposure - prevention & control
Radiation Injuries - prevention & control
BC Cancer Agency
Language
English
Material Type
Video
DVD
Audience
Professional
Location
Kelowna Library
Call Number
WN650 B862r 2012

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Library Available
Show Less

Infection prevention and control manual

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog18048
Provincial Health Service Authority (PHSA), BC Cancer Agency. [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency , 2012. rev. ed.
Audience
Professional
Corporate Author
Provincial Health Service Authority (PHSA)
BC Cancer Agency
Edition
rev. ed.
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency
Publication Date
2012
Subjects
Cross Infection - prevention & control
Infection - prevention & control
Provincial Health Services Authority
BC Cancer Agency
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Online
Audience
Professional
Location
Internet
Website Notes
Electronic version available through BCCA Network. See: file:///H:\EVERYONE\Infection_control\BCCA
Show Less

Patient safety handbook for healthcare providers

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog21171
BC Cancer Agency. [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency , 2013?.
Audience
Professional
Call Number
WX185 B862p 2013
Availability
2 copies, 2 available
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Agency
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency
Publication Date
2013?
Physical Description
21 p. : ill. ; 22 cm.
Subjects
BC Cancer Agency
Safety Management - standards
Emergencies
Patient Safety
Risk Management
Health Personnel
Medical Errors
Quality Assurance, Health Care
Guideline
Language
English
Material Type
Booklet
Handout
Audience
Professional
Location
Vancouver Library
Kelowna Library
Call Number
WX185 B862p 2013

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
Show Less

Patient safety : information for employees --your role in BC Cancer patient safety

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog121708
BC Cancer Agency. [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency , 2019.
Audience
Professional
Call Number
WX185 B862p 2019
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
Continues / Continued By
Continues:
Patient safety handbook for healthcare providers
Alternate Title
Patient safety handbook for healthcare providers
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Agency
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency
Publication Date
2019
Physical Description
31 p. : ill. ; 22 cm.
Subjects
BC Cancer Agency
Safety Management - standards
Emergencies
Patient Safety
Risk Management
Health Personnel
Medical Errors
Quality Assurance, Health Care
Guideline
Language
English
Material Type
Booklet
Audience
Professional
Location
Vancouver Library
Call Number
WX185 B862p 2019

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
Show Less

BC Cancer Agency quality and patient safety plan

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog21190
BC Cancer Agency. [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency , 2013.
Audience
Professional
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Agency
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency
Publication Date
2013
Subjects
BC Cancer Agency
Accreditation - standards
Safety Management - standards
Emergencies
Patient Safety
Risk Management
Health Personnel
Medical Errors
Quality Assurance, Health Care
Guideline
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Looseleaf
Audience
Professional
Location
VC Library Archives
Show Less

BC Cancer Agency 2010 annual cancer conference : interdisciplinary cancer control in the 21st century

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog19580
BC Cancer Agency. Annual Cancer Conference (2010 November 25-27 : Vancouver, BC). [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services , 2010.
Audience
Professional
Call Number
QZ200 B366 2010
Availability
12 copies, 12 available
v.1: Programme; v.2: Abstracts
Alternate Title
Annual cancer conference
BCCA annual cancer conference
BC Cancer Agency : annual cancer conference
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Agency. Annual Cancer Conference (2010 November 25-27 : Vancouver, BC)
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services
Publication Date
2010
Physical Description
2v. ; 28 cm.
Subjects
Neoplasms - prevention & control
Medical Oncology
Interdisciplinary Communication
Biomedical Research
Translational Research
Survivors
BC Cancer Agency
Abstract
v.1: Programme
v.2: Abstracts
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Audience
Professional
Location
Vancouver Library
VC Library Archives
Kelowna Library
Surrey Library
Victoria Library
Abbotsford Library
Call Number
QZ200 B366 2010

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency SUR Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency SUR Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Library Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
Show Less

BC Cancer Agency 2011 annual cancer conference : improving cancer care through partnerships

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog20185
BC Cancer Agency. Annual Cancer Conference (2011 December 1-3 : Vancouver, BC). [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services , 2011.
Audience
Professional
Call Number
QZ200 B366 2011
Availability
14 copies, 14 available
v.1: Improving cancer care through partnerships : programme and abstracts; v.2: Partners in discovery : improving cancer care through partnerships
Alternate Title
Annual cancer conference
BCCA annual cancer conference
BC Cancer Agency : annual cancer conference
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Agency. Annual Cancer Conference (2011 December 1-3 : Vancouver, BC)
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services
Publication Date
2011
Physical Description
2v. ; 28 cm.
Subjects
Neoplasms - prevention & control
Medical Oncology
Interdisciplinary Communication
Biomedical Research
Translational Research
Support of Research
Survivors
BC Cancer Agency
Abstract
v.1: Improving cancer care through partnerships : programme and abstracts
v.2: Partners in discovery : improving cancer care through partnerships
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Audience
Professional
Location
Vancouver Library
Kelowna Library
Surrey Library
Victoria Library
Abbotsford Library
Call Number
QZ200 B366 2011

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency SUR Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency SUR Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Archives Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Library Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
Show Less

BC Cancer Agency 2012 annual cancer conference : evolving dynamics in research and patient care

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog20855
BC Cancer Agency. Annual Cancer Conference (2012 November 29 -December 1 : Vancouver, BC). [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services , 2012.
Audience
Professional
Call Number
QZ200 B366 2012
Availability
6 copies, 6 available
Alternate Title
Annual cancer conference
BCCA annual cancer conference
BC Cancer Agency : annual cancer conference
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Agency. Annual Cancer Conference (2012 November 29 -December 1 : Vancouver, BC)
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services
Publication Date
2012
Physical Description
160 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
Subjects
Neoplasms - prevention & control
Medical Oncology
Interdisciplinary Communication
Biomedical Research
Translational Research
Support of Research
Survivors
BC Cancer Agency
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Audience
Professional
Location
Vancouver Library
VC Library Archives
Kelowna Library
Surrey Library
Victoria Library
Abbotsford Library
Call Number
QZ200 B366 2012

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency SUR Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Archives Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Library Available
Show Less

Be fit for life : a guide to successful aging : a wellness, weight management and fitness program you can live with

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog18878
Gambert, Steven R. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific , 2010.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
QT255 G189 2010
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
Author
Gambert, Steven R
Place of Publication
Hackensack, NJ
Publisher
World Scientific
Publication Date
2010
Physical Description
viii, 223 p. ; 23 cm.
Subjects
Physical Fitness
Weight Loss
Aging
Physical Education and Training
Exercise Therapy
Exercise
Nutrition
Diet
Stress, Psychological
Mind Body Therapies
ISBN
9789814273091
9814273090
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Call Number
QT255 G189 2010

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
Show Less

2016 report to the community

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog120143
BC Cancer Agency. [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency , 2017.
Audience
Patient or Public
  1 read online  
Alternate Title
BC Cancer Agency care and research : 2016 report to the community
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Agency
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency
Publication Date
2017
Physical Description
38 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.
Subjects
Biomedical Research
Oncology Nursing
Clinical Trials
Neoplasms - prevention & control
Neoplasms - therapy
Patient-Centered Care
Research Report
BC Cancer Agency
Cancer Care Facilities
Delivery of Health Care
Language
English
Material Type
Report
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library BCCA Pubs
Abbotsford Library
Kelowna Library
Surrey Library
Victoria Library
VC Library Archives
Read Online
Show Less

Cervical cancer screening policy change : frequently asked questions

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog120230
BC Cancer Agency. [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency. Cervical Cancer Screening Program , 2016.
Audience
Professional
  2 read online  
Alternate Title
2016 reference guide supporting healthcare professionals in communicating screening information to patients
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Agency
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency. Cervical Cancer Screening Program
Publication Date
2016
Physical Description
16 unnumbered pages ; col. ill. ; 28 cm.
Subjects
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - diagnosis
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - prevention & control
Papanicolaou Test
Early Detection of Cancer
Professional - Patient Relations
Health Communication - methods
Mass Screening
BC Cancer Agency
Language
English
Material Type
Booklet
Online
Audience
Professional
Location
VC Library Archives
Internet
Read Online
Show Less

Stress and stress management

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog19160
Klinic Community Health Centre. Winnipeg, MB: Klinic Community Health Centre , 2010.
Audience
Patient or Public
  1 read online  
Corporate Author
Klinic Community Health Centre
Place of Publication
Winnipeg, MB
Publisher
Klinic Community Health Centre
Publication Date
2010
Subjects
Stress, Psychological
Adaptation, Psychological
Mind Body Therapies
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Internet
Read Online
Show Less

20 records – page 1 of 1.