Skip header and navigation
The BC Cancer Library

Delivering timely service and evidence-informed resources to people in BC and the Yukon facing cancer and those involved in oncology care or research.

  Refine by:

Refine by:

Format

More
More

20 records – page 1 of 1.

Move for life! : cancer and physical activity

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog19157
ActNowBC, BC Recreation and Parks Association. [Victoria, BC?]: ActNowBC , 2010?.
Audience
Patient or Public
More Information
  2 read online  
Corporate Author
ActNowBC
BC Recreation and Parks Association
Place of Publication
[Victoria, BC?]
Publisher
ActNowBC
Publication Date
2010?
Subjects
Health Promotion
Physical Fitness
Chronic Disease - rehabilitation
Neoplasms - prevention & control
Neoplasms - rehabilitation
Exercise Therapy
Exercise
Adult
Aged
British Columbia
Language
English
Material Type
Handout
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Internet
Read Online
http://www.seniorsbc.ca/activeaging/physical/move_for_life.html
http://www.seniorsbc.ca/documents/pdf/Cancer-and-Physical-Activity.pdf
Show Less

Caring for the caregiver : support for cancer caregivers

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog18369
National Cancer Institute. [Bethesda, MD]: National Cancer Institute , 2007.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
QZ200 N278c 2007
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
More Information
  2 read online  
Corporate Author
National Cancer Institute
Place of Publication
[Bethesda, MD]
Publisher
National Cancer Institute
Publication Date
2007
Physical Description
15 p. : ill. ; 22 cm.
Subjects
Neoplasms - psychology
Neoplasms
Caregivers - psychology
Adaptation, Psychological
Social Support
Popular Work
Language
English
Material Type
Booklet
Handout
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Kelowna Cancer Info Ctr
Internet
Call Number
QZ200 N278c 2007
Read Online
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/caring-for-the-caregiver
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/caring-for-the-caregiver.pdf

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

Move for life! : easy to do, stay healthy activities for older adults

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog19158
ActNowBC, BC Recreation and Parks Association. [Victoria, BC?]: ActNowBC , 2010?.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
QT255 M935 2010
Availability
4 copies, 4 available
More Information
  2 read online  
Corporate Author
ActNowBC
BC Recreation and Parks Association
Place of Publication
[Victoria, BC?]
Publisher
ActNowBC
Publication Date
2010?
Physical Description
60 minutes
Subjects
Health Promotion
Physical Fitness
Chronic Disease - rehabilitation
Neoplasms - prevention & control
Neoplasms - rehabilitation
Exercise Therapy
Exercise
Adult
Aged
British Columbia
Language
English
Material Type
Video
DVD
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Kelowna Cancer Info Ctr
Victoria Cancer Info Ctr
Abbotsford Cancer Info Ctr
Internet
Call Number
QT255 M935 2010
Website Notes
2nd URL leads to the Exercise chart
Read Online
http://www.seniorsbc.ca/activeaging/physical/move_for_life.html
http://www.seniorsbc.ca/documents/pdf/Move-for-Life-Exercise-Chart.pdf

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

BC Lymphedema Association : professional directory and resource guide 2023-24

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog124774
BC Lymphedema Association. [North Vancouver, BC]: BC Lymphedema Association , [2023].
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WH700 B862 2023
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
More Information
  2 read online  
Corporate Author
BC Lymphedema Association
Place of Publication
[North Vancouver, BC]
Publisher
BC Lymphedema Association
Publication Date
[2023]
Physical Description
26 p. : col. ill. ; 22 cm.
Subjects
Lymphedema - therapy
Lymphedema - rehabilitation
Directory
Resource Guide
British Columbia
Language
English
Material Type
Booklet
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Victoria Cancer Info Ctr
Call Number
WH700 B862 2023
Website Notes
Single pages - at home / office printer friendly version.
Read Online
https://www.bclymph.org/resources/Documents/2023-2024%20Directory%20FINAL%20.pdf
https://www.bclymph.org/Resource-Directory(PDF)

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

BC Lymphedema Association : professional directory and resource guide 2020-2021

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog123117
BC Lymphedema Association. [North Vancouver, BC]: BC Lymphedema Association , [2020].
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WH700 B862 2020
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
More Information
  1 read online  
Corporate Author
BC Lymphedema Association
Place of Publication
[North Vancouver, BC]
Publisher
BC Lymphedema Association
Publication Date
[2020]
Physical Description
26 p. : ill. ; 22 cm.
Subjects
Lymphedema - therapy
Lymphedema - rehabilitation
Directory
Resource Guide
British Columbia
Language
English
Material Type
Booklet
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Abbotsford Cancer Info Ctr
Internet
Call Number
WH700 B862 2020
Loan Policy
Library Use Only
Website Notes
Printer friendly single pages available
Read Online
https://bclymph.org/resources/Documents/Current%20Single%20Page%20Directory%20for%20Website.pdf

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

BC Lymphedema Association : professional directory and resource guide 2021-2022

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog123528
BC Lymphedema Association. [North Vancouver, BC]: BC Lymphedema Association , [2021].
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WH700 B862 2021
Availability
5 copies, 5 available
More Information
  1 read online  
Corporate Author
BC Lymphedema Association
Place of Publication
[North Vancouver, BC]
Publisher
BC Lymphedema Association
Publication Date
[2021]
Physical Description
34 p. : col. ill. ; 22 cm.
Subjects
Lymphedema - therapy
Lymphedema - rehabilitation
Directory
Resource Guide
British Columbia
Language
English
Material Type
Booklet
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library REF
Surrey Library REF
Abbotsford Cancer Info Ctr
Kelowna Cancer Info Ctr
Call Number
WH700 B862 2021
Website Notes
Printer friendly single pages available
Read Online
https://bclymph.org/resources/Documents/2021%20Directory%20Nov%2018.pdf

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library REF Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library REF Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency SUR Library REF Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

BC Lymphedema Association : professional directory and resource guide 2022-2023

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog124233
BC Lymphedema Association. [North Vancouver, BC]: BC Lymphedema Association , [2022].
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WH700 B862 2022
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
More Information
  2 read online  
Corporate Author
BC Lymphedema Association
Place of Publication
[North Vancouver, BC]
Publisher
BC Lymphedema Association
Publication Date
[2022]
Physical Description
31 p. : col. ill. ; 22 cm.
Subjects
Lymphedema - therapy
Lymphedema - rehabilitation
Directory
Resource Guide
British Columbia
Language
English
Material Type
Booklet
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Victoria Cancer Info Ctr
Call Number
WH700 B862 2022
Website Notes
Single pages - at home / office printer friendly version.
Read Online
https://www.bclymph.org/resources/Directory%202022-2023%20(as%20of%20October).pdf
https://www.bclymph.org/Resource-Directory(PDF)

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

Myths and facts about chronic pain and cancer pain : what you need to know

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog20444
Berger, Ann. Manhasset, NY: CMP Medica | Oncology Group , 2009.
Audience
Patient or Public
More Information
  1 read online  
Author
Berger, Ann
Place of Publication
Manhasset, NY
Publisher
CMP Medica
Oncology Group
Publication Date
2009
Subjects
Pain
Neoplasms
Popular Work
ISBN
9781891483455
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Internet
Read Online
http://imaging.ubmmedica.com/cancernetwork/forpatients/pdfs/4_M&F%20Chronic-Cancer%20Pain.pdf
Show Less

NCCN guidelines for patients : adolescent and young adult cancer

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog124878
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Plymouth Meeting, PA: National Comprehensive Cancer Network , 2023.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
QZ201 N277a 2023
Availability
3 copies, 3 available
More Information
  2 read online  
Alternate Title
National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for patients : adolescent and young adult cancer
Corporate Author
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)
Place of Publication
Plymouth Meeting, PA
Publisher
National Comprehensive Cancer Network
Publication Date
2023
Physical Description
66 p. : col. ill. ; 29 cm
Series
NCCN guidelines for patients
Subjects
Popular Work
Neoplasms
Adolescent Health
Young Adult
ISBN
9781954190764
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Internet
Abbotsford Cancer Info Ctr
Victoria Cancer Info Ctr
Vancouver Library
Call Number
QZ201 N277a 2023
Read Online
https://www.nccn.org/patients/guidelines/content/PDF/aya-patient.pdf
https://www.nccn.org/patientresources/patient-resources/guidelines-for-patients

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

Living with cancer : a report on the patient experience

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog121192
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. [Toronto, ON]: Canadian Partnership Against Cancer , 2018.
Audience
Professional
Living with Cancer: A Report on the Patient Experience, is the first in a series looking at Canadian cancer care exclusively from the patient perspective, illustrating the experience of those individuals and families living with and beyond cancer. This groundbreaking report includes data drawn from…
More Information
  2 read online  
Corporate Author
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer
Place of Publication
[Toronto, ON]
Publisher
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer
Publication Date
2018
Physical Description
50 p.
Series
System performance reports
Subjects
Neoplasms
Neoplasms - psychology
Patient Satisfaction
Patient Navigation
Cancer Survivors
Adaptation, Psychological
Uncertainty
Integrative Oncology
Health Services Accessibility
Delivery of Health Care, Integrated
Continuity of Care
Quality of Health Care
Statistics
Canada
Abstract
Living with Cancer: A Report on the Patient Experience, is the first in a series looking at Canadian cancer care exclusively from the patient perspective, illustrating the experience of those individuals and families living with and beyond cancer. This groundbreaking report includes data drawn from multiple sources, including Patient Reported Outcomes partners, the Ambulatory Oncology Patient Satisfaction Survey, and initial results from the first Canada-wide study of cancer survivors on the experience of 13,000 Canadians with cancer. - website
Notes
January 2018
ISBN
9781988000343
9781988000350
Language
English
Material Type
Report
Online
Audience
Professional
Location
Internet
Read Online
https://www.systemperformance.ca/report/living-with-cancer-patient-experience/
https://content.cancerview.ca/download/cv/quality_and_planning/system_performance/documents/living_with_cancer_patient_experience_report_enpdf?attachment=0
Show Less

Journey mapping in cancer care : patient and provider experiences in receiving and delivering cancer care in British Columbia

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog121215
BC Cancer Agency, British Columbia Ministry of Health, First Nations Health Authority, BC Patient Safety & Quality Council. [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Patient Safety & Quality Council , 2019.
Audience
Professional
More Information
  1 read online  
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Agency
British Columbia Ministry of Health
First Nations Health Authority
BC Patient Safety & Quality Council
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Patient Safety & Quality Council
Publication Date
2019
Subjects
Patient Navigation
Patient Satisfaction
Neoplasms
Neoplasms - psychology
Health Personnel
Delivery of Health Care, Integrated
Quality of Health Care
Health Services
Health Services, Indigenous
British Columbia
Notes
January 2019
Language
English
Material Type
Report
Online
Audience
Professional
Location
Internet
Website Notes
High-resolution versions of the maps can be
downloaded from BCPSQC.ca
Read Online
https://bcpsqc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Journey-Mapping-Cancer-interactive-1.pdf
Show Less

Patient experiences with ambulatory cancer care in British Columbia, 2005/06

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog17560
Watson, Diane E, Peterson, Sandra, Mooney, Dawn. [Vancouver, BC?]: UBC Centre for Health Services and Policy Research , 2007.
Audience
Professional
More Information
  1 read online  
Author
Watson, Diane E
Peterson, Sandra
Mooney, Dawn
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
UBC Centre for Health Services and Policy Research
Publication Date
2007
Subjects
Neoplasms - psychology
Neoplasms - therapy
Ambulatory Care
Health Services Accessibility
Patient Satisfaction
Cancer Patients
Cancer Care Facilities
Health Care Surveys
Data Collection
British Columbia
ISBN
1897085117
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Online
Audience
Professional
Location
Internet
Read Online
http://www.chspr.ubc.ca/sites/default/files/publication_files/chspr07-04.pdf
Show Less

What to expect : a patient's guide to the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver Island

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog18108
BC Cancer Agency. Vancouver Island Centre. [Victoria, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency. Vancouver Island Centre | Cedarwood Productions Inc. , 2008.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
QZ24 B863v 2008
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
More Information
  1 read online  
Alternate Title
Your first visit
A new patient guide to the BC Cancer Agency
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Agency. Vancouver Island Centre
Place of Publication
[Victoria, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency. Vancouver Island Centre
Cedarwood Productions Inc.
Publication Date
2008
Physical Description
1/2 inch : colour ; 20 minutes
Subjects
BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver Island Cancer Centre
Cancer Care Facilities
British Columbia
Patient Education Handout
Popular Work
Language
English
Material Type
Video
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Internet
Call Number
QZ24 B863v 2008
Read Online
http://learn.phsa.ca/bcca/patientvisit/VIC_new%20patient_flv_loader.html

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Archives Available
Show Less

What to expect : a patient's guide to the BC Cancer Agency Vancouver Island Centre

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog17573
BC Cancer Agency. Vancouver Island Centre. [Victoria, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency. Vancouver Island Centre | Cedarwood Productions Inc. , 2008.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
QZ24 B863v 2008
Availability
4 copies, 4 available
More Information
  1 read online  
Alternate Title
Your first visit
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Agency. Vancouver Island Centre
Place of Publication
[Victoria, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency. Vancouver Island Centre
Cedarwood Productions Inc.
Publication Date
2008
Physical Description
20 minutes
Subjects
BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver Island Cancer Centre
Cancer Care Facilities
British Columbia
Patient Education Handout
Popular Work
Language
English
Material Type
Video
DVD
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Internet
Victoria Library
Call Number
QZ24 B863v 2008
Read Online
http://learn.phsa.ca/bcca/patientvisit/VIC_new%20patient_flv_loader.html

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Archives Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Library Available
Show Less

Canadian cancer statistics 2020

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog123105
Canadian Cancer Society, Statistics Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canadian Cancer Society Statistics Advisory Committee. [Toronto, ON]: Canadian Cancer Society , 2020.
Audience
Professional
A 2020 special report on lung cancer
More Information
  2 read online  
Alternate Title
Canadian cancer statistics : a 2020 special report
on lung cancer
Corporate Author
Canadian Cancer Society
Statistics Canada
Public Health Agency of Canada
Canadian Cancer Society Statistics Advisory Committee
Place of Publication
[Toronto, ON]
Publisher
Canadian Cancer Society
Publication Date
2020
Subjects
Neoplasms
Lung Neoplasms
Neoplasms - epidemiology
Neoplasms - mortality
Neoplasms - trends
Prevalence
Incidence
Population Forecast
Statistics
Tables
Canada
Abstract
A 2020 special report on lung cancer
Notes
September 2020
ISSN
0835-2976
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Online
Audience
Professional
Location
Internet
Website Notes
Visit cancer.ca/statistics for the most up-to-date version of this publication and supplementary data.
Read Online
http://cancer.ca/Canadian-Cancer-Statistics-2020-EN
http://www.cancer.ca/statistics
Show Less

Canadian cancer statistics 2017

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog120071
Canadian Cancer Society's Advisory Committee on Cancer Statistics, Statistics Canada, Provincial/Territorial Cancer Registries, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canadian Cancer Society. [Toronto, ON]: Canadian Cancer Society , 2017.
Audience
Professional
Special topic: Pancreatic cancer
More Information
  1 read online  
Corporate Author
Canadian Cancer Society's Advisory Committee on Cancer Statistics
Statistics Canada, Provincial/Territorial Cancer Registries
Public Health Agency of Canada
Canadian Cancer Society
Place of Publication
[Toronto, ON]
Publisher
Canadian Cancer Society
Publication Date
2017
Subjects
Neoplasms
Neoplasms - epidemiology
Neoplasms - mortality
Neoplasms - trends
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Prevalence
Incidence
Population Forecast
Statistics
Tables
Canada
Abstract
Special topic: Pancreatic cancer
ISSN
0835-2976
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Online
Audience
Professional
Location
Internet
Read Online
http://www.cancer.ca/~/media/cancer.ca/CW/cancer%20information/cancer%20101/Canadian%20cancer%20statistics/Canadian-Cancer-Statistics-2017-EN.pdf?la=en
Show Less

Cancer atlas

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog123276
Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society , 2019. 3rd ed.
Audience
Patient or Public
More Information
  2 read online  
Editor
Jemal, Ahmedin
Torre, Lindsey
Soerjomataram, Isabelle
Bray, Freddie
Edition
3rd ed.
Place of Publication
Atlanta, GA
Publisher
American Cancer Society
Publication Date
2019
Subjects
Neoplasms - epidemiology
Neoplasms - etiology
Neoplasms
Neoplasms - prevention & control
Carcinogens
Global Burden of Disease
Delivery of Health Care
Risk Factors
Atlases
ISBN
9781604432657
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Internet
Read Online
http://canceratlas.cancer.org/
https://canceratlas.cancer.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ACS_CA3_Book.pdf
Show Less

Canadian cancer statistics 2018

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog123104
Canadian Cancer Society, Statistics Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canadian Cancer Society Statistics Advisory Committee. [Toronto, ON]: Canadian Cancer Society , 2018.
Audience
Professional
A 2018 special report on cancer incidence by stage
More Information
  2 read online  
Alternate Title
Canadian Cancer Statistics: a 2018 special report
Corporate Author
Canadian Cancer Society
Statistics Canada
Public Health Agency of Canada
Canadian Cancer Society Statistics Advisory Committee
Place of Publication
[Toronto, ON]
Publisher
Canadian Cancer Society
Publication Date
2018
Subjects
Neoplasms
Neoplasms - epidemiology
Neoplasms - mortality
Neoplasms - trends
Prevalence
Incidence
Population Forecast
Statistics
Tables
Canada
Abstract
A 2018 special report on cancer incidence by stage
Notes
June 2018
ISSN
0835-2976
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Online
Audience
Professional
Location
Internet
Read Online
https://www.cancer.ca/~/media/cancer.ca/CW/cancer%20information/cancer%20101/Canadian%20cancer%20statistics/Canadian-Cancer-Statistics-2018-EN.pdf?la=en
http://www.cancer.ca/statistics
Show Less

Canadian cancer statistics 2019

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog121739
Canadian Cancer Society, Statistics Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canadian Cancer Society Statistics Advisory Committee. [Toronto, ON]: Canadian Cancer Society , 2019.
Audience
Professional
More Information
  2 read online  
Corporate Author
Canadian Cancer Society
Statistics Canada
Public Health Agency of Canada
Canadian Cancer Society Statistics Advisory Committee
Place of Publication
[Toronto, ON]
Publisher
Canadian Cancer Society
Publication Date
2019
Subjects
Neoplasms
Neoplasms - epidemiology
Neoplasms - mortality
Neoplasms - trends
Prevalence
Incidence
Population Forecast
Statistics
Tables
Canada
Notes
September 2019
ISSN
0835-2976
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Online
Audience
Professional
Location
Internet
Read Online
https://www.cancer.ca/~/media/cancer.ca/CW/cancer%20information/cancer%20101/Canadian%20cancer%20statistics/Canadian-Cancer-Statistics-2019-EN.pdf?la=en
http://www.cancer.ca/statistics
Show Less

Canadian cancer statistics 2015

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog113459
Canadian Cancer Society's Advisory Committee on Cancer Statistics, Statistics Canada, Provincial/Territorial Cancer Registries, Public Health Agency of Canada. [Toronto, ON]: Canadian Cancer Society , 2015.
Audience
Professional
Special topic: Predictions of the future burden of cancer in Canada
More Information
  1 read online  
Corporate Author
Canadian Cancer Society's Advisory Committee on Cancer Statistics
Statistics Canada, Provincial/Territorial Cancer Registries
Public Health Agency of Canada
Place of Publication
[Toronto, ON]
Publisher
Canadian Cancer Society
Publication Date
2015
Subjects
Neoplasms
Neoplasms - epidemiology
Neoplasms - mortality
Neoplasms - trends
Demography
Prevalence
Incidence
Population Forecast
Statistics
Tables
Canada
Abstract
Special topic: Predictions of the future burden of cancer in Canada
ISSN
0835-2976
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Online
Audience
Professional
Location
Internet
Read Online
http://www.cancer.ca/~/media/cancer.ca/CW/cancer%20information/cancer%20101/Canadian%20cancer%20statistics/Canadian-Cancer-Statistics-2015-EN.pdf
Show Less

20 records – page 1 of 1.