Skip header and navigation
The BC Cancer Library

Delivering timely service and evidence-informed resources to people in BC and the Yukon facing cancer and those involved in oncology care or research.

Refine by:

20 records – page 1 of 1.

Be fit for life : a guide to successful aging : a wellness, weight management and fitness program you can live with

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog18878
Gambert, Steven R. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific , 2010.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
QT255 G189 2010
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
Author
Gambert, Steven R
Place of Publication
Hackensack, NJ
Publisher
World Scientific
Publication Date
2010
Physical Description
viii, 223 p. ; 23 cm.
Subjects
Physical Fitness
Weight Loss
Aging
Physical Education and Training
Exercise Therapy
Exercise
Nutrition
Diet
Stress, Psychological
Mind Body Therapies
ISBN
9789814273091
9814273090
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Call Number
QT255 G189 2010

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
Show Less

Eating well and being active following cancer treatment

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog21365
World Cancer Research Fund. London, UK: World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF UK) , 2011.
Audience
Patient or Public
  1 read online  
Corporate Author
World Cancer Research Fund
Place of Publication
London, UK
Publisher
World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF UK)
Publication Date
2011
Subjects
Nutrition Therapy
Neoplasms - diet therapy
Neoplasms - prevention & control
Survivors
Exercise
Physical Fitness
Popular Work
Language
English
Material Type
Booklet
Handout
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Internet
Read Online
Show Less

Breast cancer survivor's fitness plan : reclaim health, regain strength, live longer

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog20084
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill , 2007.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WP870 B829k 2007
Availability
5 copies, 5 available
Editor
Kaelin, Carolyn M
Place of Publication
New York, NY
Publisher
McGraw-Hill
Publication Date
2007
Physical Description
xv, 253 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Subjects
Breast Neoplasms - rehabilitation
Breast Neoplasms - therapy
Lymphedema
Exercise Therapy
Physical Fitness
Survivors
Popular Work
ISBN
9780071465786
0071465782
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Vancouver Cancer Info Ctr
Victoria Cancer Info Ctr
Abbotsford Cancer Info Ctr
Prince George Cancer Info Ctr
Call Number
WP870 B829k 2007

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency PG Cancer Info Ctr Missing Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

Exercises for cancer wellness

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog113708
Smith, William, Brielyn, Jo. [Hobart, NY]: Hatherleigh , 2015.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
QZ266 S664 2015
Availability
7 copies, 7 available
Author
Smith, William
Brielyn, Jo
Place of Publication
[Hobart, NY]
Publisher
Hatherleigh
Publication Date
2015
Physical Description
v, 101 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
Series
Exercises for series
Subjects
Neoplasms - rehabilitation
Exercise Therapy
Physical Fitness
Exercise Movement Techniques
Survivors
Popular Work
Notes
"Boost energy and vitality while fighting fatigue" -- from front cover.
Surrey CIC keep 2022
ISBN
9781578265718
1578265711
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Abbotsford Cancer Info Ctr
Kelowna Cancer Info Ctr
Prince George Cancer Info Ctr
Surrey Cancer Info Ctr
Vancouver Cancer Info Ctr
Victoria Cancer Info Ctr
Call Number
QZ266 S664 2015

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency PG Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency SUR Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

Living the good life : your guide to health and success

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog120984
Patchell-Evans, David. [Toronto, ON]: ECW Press , 2012.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
QT256 P294 2012
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
Author
Patchell-Evans, David
Place of Publication
[Toronto, ON]
Publisher
ECW Press
Publication Date
2012
Physical Description
xv, 229 p. : ill. ;21 cm
Subjects
Physical Fitness
Exercise
Healthy Lifestyle
Healthy Aging
Weight Loss
Diet
Personal Narratives
Popular Work
ISBN
9781550226171
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Kelowna Cancer Info Ctr
Call Number
QT256 P294 2012

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

Celebrate strength : a fitness dvd made for and by breast cancer survivors

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog18272
Rahn, Wendy, Skinner, Cathy, Swami, Sandara. St. Paul, MN: Survivors' Training , 2008.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WP870 C392 2008
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
Story of Survivors' Training; Elements of safe fitness; Getting started; On your way; Expand your repetoire; Bonus Features
Author
Rahn, Wendy
Skinner, Cathy
Swami, Sandara
Corporate Author
Survivors' Training
Place of Publication
St. Paul, MN
Publisher
Survivors' Training
Publication Date
2008
Physical Description
colour ; 120 minutes
Subjects
Breast Neoplasms - rehabilitation
Breast Neoplasms - therapy
Exercise Therapy
Lymphedema
Relaxation Therapy
Physical Fitness
Survivors
Popular Work
Abstract
Story of Survivors' Training
Elements of safe fitness
Getting started
On your way
Expand your repetoire
Bonus Features
Language
English
Material Type
Video
DVD
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Call Number
WP870 C392 2008

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
Show Less

Healthy active childhood : giving children the best chance of a cancer-free future : tackling obesity as a cancer risk

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog18172
Slevin, Terry, Anderson, Annie, Doyle, Colleen. Geneva: International Union Against Cancer , 2009.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
QZ201 H434s 2009
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
  1 read online  
Alternate Title
I love my healthy active childhood
Author
Slevin, Terry
Anderson, Annie
Doyle, Colleen
Place of Publication
Geneva
Publisher
International Union Against Cancer
Publication Date
2009
Physical Description
48 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.
Subjects
Neoplasms - prevention & control
Obesity - complications
Energy Intake
Energy Metabolism
Exercise
Body Weight
Neoplasms - diet therapy
Health Promotion
Food
Diet
Physical Fitness
Child
ISBN
9782970053316
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Internet
Call Number
QZ201 H434s 2009
Read Online

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
Show Less

Fight breast cancer with exercise

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog21808
Vallance, Jeff, Courneya, Kerry. Edmonton, AB: Company's Coming Publishing Limited , 2014.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WP870 V177f 2014
Availability
13 copies, 13 available
Author
Vallance, Jeff
Courneya, Kerry
Place of Publication
Edmonton, AB
Publisher
Company's Coming Publishing Limited
Publication Date
2014
Physical Description
93 p. : ill. ; 22 cm.
Series
Health and life
Subjects
Breast Neoplasms - rehabilitation
Breast Neoplasms - prevention & control
Exercise Therapy
Physical Fitness
Popular Work
ISBN
9781927126929
1927126924
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Abbotsford Cancer Info Ctr
Kelowna Cancer Info Ctr
Prince George Cancer Info Ctr
Vancouver Cancer Info Ctr
Victoria Cancer Info Ctr
Call Number
WP870 V177f 2014

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency PG Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.3 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency VAN Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.3 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

Food for the fight : guidelines for healthy nutrition during and after cancer treatment

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog18259
Oz, Mehmet, Willett, Walter, Collins, Karen. Washington, DC: American Institute for Cancer Research , 2008.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
QZ266 N9 F686a 2008
Availability
2 copies, 2 available
PT.1: Introduction; Nutritional guidelines for cancer patients; Coping during treatment; Food pyramid; Food safety/neutropenic diet; Cancer fighting cuisine; Additional Resources; PT2: Introduction; Nutritional guidelines for preventing recurrence; Diet; Phytochemicals; New American plate; Physic…
Author
Oz, Mehmet
Willett, Walter
Collins, Karen
Corporate Author
American Institute for Cancer Research
New York-Presbyterian Hospital
Place of Publication
Washington, DC
Publisher
American Institute for Cancer Research
Publication Date
2008
Subjects
Neoplasms - diet therapy
Nutrition Therapy
Physical Activity
Cookery
Diet
Survivors
Caregivers
Cookbook
Exercise
Popular Work
Abstract
PT.1: Introduction
Nutritional guidelines for cancer patients
Coping during treatment
Food pyramid
Food safety/neutropenic diet
Cancer fighting cuisine
Additional Resources
PT2: Introduction
Nutritional guidelines for preventing recurrence
Diet
Phytochemicals
New American plate
Physical activity/weight/summary/additional resources
Language
English
Material Type
Video
DVD
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Victoria Cancer Info Ctr
Abbotsford Cancer Info Ctr
Call Number
QZ266 N9 F686a 2008

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

Move for life! : cancer and physical activity

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog19157
ActNowBC, BC Recreation and Parks Association. [Victoria, BC?]: ActNowBC , 2010?.
Audience
Patient or Public
  2 read online  

Strength and courage : exercises for breast cancer survivors

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog19690
Poppenberg, Janette, Johnson, Kathy, Cowden, Sharon. Pittsburgh, PA: Magee-Womens Foundation , 2007.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WP870 S914 2007
Availability
8 copies, 8 available
Contains exercises to help breast cancer survivors regain upper body strength and flexibility and improve posture. Also includes a section on aerobic conditioning guidelines and a new chapter "Lymphedema : what you should know"; Ch.1 : Posture exercises can be completed following surgery; Ch. 2 …
Author
Poppenberg, Janette
Johnson, Kathy
Cowden, Sharon
Place of Publication
Pittsburgh, PA
Publisher
Magee-Womens Foundation
Publication Date
2007
Physical Description
75minutes
Subjects
Breast Neoplasms - rehabilitation
Exercise Therapy
Survivors
Lymphedema - rehabilitation
Weight Lifting
Popular Work
Abstract
Contains exercises to help breast cancer survivors regain upper body strength and flexibility and improve posture. Also includes a section on aerobic conditioning guidelines and a new chapter "Lymphedema : what you should know"
Ch.1 : Posture exercises can be completed following surgery
Ch. 2 :Post op exercises can be completed following surgery
Ch. 3: Flexibility trainign only to be completed after chapters one and two are mastered
Ch. 4: Weight training
ch. 5: Aerobic exercise can be reviewed early in the course of treatment
Special features: Lymphedema : what you should know
Appendix: Exercise log
Language
English
Material Type
Video
DVD
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Kelowna Cancer Info Ctr
Victoria Cancer Info Ctr
Abbotsford Cancer Info Ctr
Call Number
WP870 S914 2007

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Missing Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

Move for life! : easy to do, stay healthy activities for older adults

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog19158
ActNowBC, BC Recreation and Parks Association. [Victoria, BC?]: ActNowBC , 2010?.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
QT255 M935 2010
Availability
4 copies, 4 available
  2 read online  
Corporate Author
ActNowBC
BC Recreation and Parks Association
Place of Publication
[Victoria, BC?]
Publisher
ActNowBC
Publication Date
2010?
Physical Description
60 minutes
Subjects
Health Promotion
Physical Fitness
Chronic Disease - rehabilitation
Neoplasms - prevention & control
Neoplasms - rehabilitation
Exercise Therapy
Exercise
Adult
Aged
British Columbia
Language
English
Material Type
Video
DVD
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Kelowna Cancer Info Ctr
Victoria Cancer Info Ctr
Abbotsford Cancer Info Ctr
Internet
Call Number
QT255 M935 2010
Website Notes
2nd URL leads to the Exercise chart
Read Online

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

Food, nutrition, physical activity and the prevention of cancer : a global perspective : summary

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog16455
World Cancer Research Fund, American Institute for Cancer Research. Washington, DC: American Institute for Cancer Research , 2007. 2nd ed.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
QZ266 F687s 2007
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
  1 read online  
Alternate Title
Second expert report
A project of World Cancer Research Fund International
Corporate Author
World Cancer Research Fund
American Institute for Cancer Research
Edition
2nd ed.
Place of Publication
Washington, DC
Publisher
American Institute for Cancer Research
Publication Date
2007
Subjects
Neoplasms - prevention & control
Neoplasms - diet therapy
Food
Nutrition Physiology
Physical Fitness
Language
English
Material Type
Report
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Victoria Cancer Info Ctr
Internet
Call Number
QZ266 F687s 2007
Read Online

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less
Prentice, William. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company , 2016. 7th ed.
Audience
Patient or Public
  1 read online  
Author
Prentice, William
Edition
7th ed.
Place of Publication
Philadelphia, PA
Publisher
F.A. Davis Company
Publication Date
2016
Series
R2 Library
Subjects
Physical Activity
Physical Fitness
Exercise - popular works
ISBN
0803644647
9780803644649
Language
English
Material Type
Ebook
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Internet
Website Notes
Patients and the public of BC and the Yukon can access this title by emailing library@bccancer.bc.ca or calling 1.888.675.8001 x 7000 (toll-free) to obtain a username and password.
Read Online
Show Less
National Institute on Aging. Washington, DC: [US Government Publishing Office] , 2015.
Audience
Patient or Public
  1 read online  
Author
National Institute on Aging
Corporate Author
National Institute of Health
Place of Publication
Washington, DC
Publisher
[US Government Publishing Office]
Publication Date
2015
Series
R2 Library
Subjects
Physical Activity
Physical Fitness
Exercise - popular works
ISBN
0051325071
9780051325079
Language
English
Material Type
Ebook
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Internet
Website Notes
Patients and the public of BC and the Yukon can access this title by emailing library@bccancer.bc.ca or calling 1.888.675.8001 x 7000 (toll-free) to obtain a username and password.
Read Online
Show Less

Exercise & physical activity : your everyday guide from the National Institute on Aging!

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog113714
National Institute on Aging. Washington, DC: [US Government Publishing Office] , 2015.
Audience
Patient or Public
  1 read online  
Alternate Title
Exercise and physical activity
Author
National Institute on Aging
Corporate Author
National Institute of Health
Place of Publication
Washington, DC
Publisher
[US Government Publishing Office]
Publication Date
2015
Series
R2 Library
Subjects
Physical Fitness
Exercise - popular works
ISBN
0051325063
9780051325062
Language
English
Material Type
Ebook
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Internet
Website Notes
Patients and the public of BC and the Yukon can access this title by emailing library@bccancer.bc.ca or calling 1.888.675.8001 x 7000 (toll-free) to obtain a username and password.
Read Online
Show Less

Nutrition education day 2013

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog21412
Levy-Milne, Ryna, Van Patten, Cheri, Veenstra, Jesse, Holmes, Andrea. [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services , 2013.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
QZ266 N974 2013
Availability
8 copies, 8 available
Welcome by Ryna Levy-Milne; Body weight and cancer : what you need to know by Chei Van Patten; Organic vs convectional food : understanding the difference and implications for health by Jesse Veenstra; What do I eat now?...an other questions about diet and cancer by Andrea Holmes
Alternate Title
Nutrition education day September 21, 2013
Author
Levy-Milne, Ryna
Van Patten, Cheri
Veenstra, Jesse
Holmes, Andrea
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Agency. Oncology Nutrition
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services
Publication Date
2013
Physical Description
colour ; 90 minutes
Subjects
Neoplasms - diet therapy
Nutrition Therapy
Neoplasms - education
Diet
Body Weight
BC Cancer Agency - education
Survivors
Adaptation, Psychological
Popular Work
Abstract
Welcome by Ryna Levy-Milne
Body weight and cancer : what you need to know by Chei Van Patten
Organic vs convectional food : understanding the difference and implications for health by Jesse Veenstra
What do I eat now?...an other questions about diet and cancer by Andrea Holmes
Language
English
Material Type
Video
DVD
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Kelowna Cancer Info Ctr
Abbotsford Cancer Info Ctr
Prince George Cancer Info Ctr
Call Number
QZ266 N974 2013

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency PG Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency PG Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
Show Less

Chair yoga for seniors over 60 : gently build strength, flexibility, energy and mental fitness in just 2 weeks to improve your quality of life and grow older gracefully

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog124434
Chapshaw Publications. United States: [Condor Maple Press] , 2022.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
QZ266 C467 2022
Availability
2 copies, 2 available
Alternate Title
Chair yoga for seniors over sixty
Author
Chapshaw Publications
Place of Publication
United States
Publisher
[Condor Maple Press]
Publication Date
2022
Physical Description
231 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm
Subjects
Yoga
Exercise Movement Techniques
Exercise therapy - methods
Aged - physiology
Physical Fitness
Popular Work
Notes
This resource was purchased with a donation from the Order of the Eastern Star.
ISBN
9798987206034
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Victoria Cancer Info Ctr
Call Number
QZ266 C467 2022

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

Active against cancer : a guide to improving your cancer recovery with exercise

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog119641
Brennan, Nancy S. Duxbury, VT: Courage Mountain Press , 2011.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
QZ266 B837 2011
Availability
2 copies, 2 available
Author
Brennan, Nancy S.
Place of Publication
Duxbury, VT
Publisher
Courage Mountain Press
Publication Date
2011
Physical Description
xxi, 186 p. ; 23 cm.
Subjects
Neoplasms - rehabilitation
Neoplasms - therapy
Exercise Therapy
Exercise
Mind-Body Therapies
Stress, Psychological - prevention & control
Survivors
Popular Work
ISBN
9780983460107
Language
English
Material Type
Book
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Kelowna Cancer Info Ctr
Victoria Cancer Info Ctr
Call Number
QZ266 B837 2011
Website Notes
This resource was purchased with a donation from the Order of the Eastern Star.

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

Nutrition guide for men with prostate cancer

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog18153
BC Cancer Agency Oncology Nutrition. [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency Oncology Nutrition , 2009.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WJ752 B862n 2009
Availability
4 copies, 4 available
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Agency Oncology Nutrition
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency Oncology Nutrition
Publication Date
2009
Physical Description
62 p. : ill. ; 14 cm.
Subjects
Prostatic Neoplasms - diet therapy
Prostatic Neoplasms - prevention & control
Nutrition
Evidence-Based Practice
Body Weight
Popular Work
Language
English
Material Type
Booklet
Handout
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Kelowna Cancer Info Ctr
Call Number
WJ752 B862n 2009

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.3 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Archives Available
Show Less

20 records – page 1 of 1.