Skip header and navigation
The BC Cancer Library

Delivering timely service and evidence-informed resources to people in BC and the Yukon facing cancer and those involved in oncology care or research.

  Refine by:

Refine by:

Format

More
More

20 records – page 1 of 1.

2012 Cancer system performance report

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog20882
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. [Toronto, ON]: Canadian Partnership Against Cancer , 2012.
Audience
Professional
Call Number
QZ200 C217 2012
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
More Information
  2 read online  
Corporate Author
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer
Place of Publication
[Toronto, ON]
Publisher
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer
Publication Date
2012
Physical Description
194 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
Series
System performance reports
Subjects
Neoplasms
Evidence-Based Practice
Health Status Indicators
Delivery of Health Care
Quality of Health Care
Canada
Notes
December 2012
Language
English
Material Type
Report
Online
Audience
Professional
Location
Vancouver Library
Internet
Call Number
QZ200 C217 2012
Read Online
http://www.systemperformance.ca/report/performance-report-2/
http://www.systemperformance.ca/reports/

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
Show Less

Access to palliative care in Canada

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog121194
Canadian Institute for Health Information. [Ottawa, ON]: Canadian Institute for Health Information , 2018.
Audience
Professional
CIHI's report Access to Palliative Care in Canada provides baseline information on what we know about palliative care services in the last year of life, on whether Canadians have equitable and timely access to appropriate services and on gaps in this area of health care. - Website
More Information
  2 read online  
Corporate Author
Canadian Institute for Health Information
Place of Publication
[Ottawa, ON]
Publisher
Canadian Institute for Health Information
Publication Date
2018
Subjects
Palliative Care
Delivery of Health Care
Community Health Planning
Caregivers
Canada
Abstract
CIHI's report Access to Palliative Care in Canada provides baseline information on what we know about palliative care services in the last year of life, on whether Canadians have equitable and timely access to appropriate services and on gaps in this area of health care. - Website
ISBN
9781771097376
Language
English
Material Type
Report
Online
Audience
Professional
Location
Internet
Read Online
https://www.cihi.ca/en/access-data-and-reports/access-to-palliative-care-in-canada
https://www.cihi.ca/sites/default/files/document/access-palliative-care-2018-en-web.pdf
Show Less

Approaches to eradicate CML stem cells

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog20451
Holyoake, Tessa L. [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services , 2012.
Audience
Professional
Call Number
QZ206 B365 2012 v.313
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
More Information
Alternate Title
Approaches to eradication of chronic myeloid leukemia
Monday noon seminar series
BCCA Research Seminar Series
Author
Holyoake, Tessa L
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Research Centre Seminar Series
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services
Publication Date
2012
Physical Description
60 minutes
Series
BC Cancer Research Centre seminar series 313
Subjects
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Leukemia, Myelocytic
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Neoplastic Stem Cells
Language
English
Material Type
Video
DVD
Audience
Professional
Location
Vancouver Library AV Room
Call Number
QZ206 B365 2012 v.313

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library AV Room Available
Show Less

Are persistent organic pollutants involved in malignant melanoma

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog19750
Gallagher, Richard. [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services , 2011.
Audience
Professional
Call Number
QZ206 B365 2011 v.291
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
More Information
Alternate Title
Monday noon seminar series
Canadian Cancer Society, O. Harold Warwick Prize 2010
Author
Gallagher, Richard
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Research Centre Seminar Series
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services
Publication Date
2011
Physical Description
60 minutes
Series
BC Cancer Research Centre seminar series 291
Subjects
Carcinogens, Environmental
Melanoma - epidemiology
Environmental Pollutants
Risk Factors
Language
English
Material Type
Video
DVD
Audience
Professional
Location
Vancouver Library AV Room
Call Number
QZ206 B365 2011 v.291

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library AV Room Available
Show Less

Artificial skin grafts in chronic wound care : a meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and a review of cost-effectiveness

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog14002
[Ottawa, ON]: Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment , 2005.
Audience
Professional
More Information
  1 read online  
Alternate Title
Technology report, Issue 52, February 2005
CADTH report
Editor
Ho, Chuong
Place of Publication
[Ottawa, ON]
Publisher
Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment
Publication Date
2005
Series
CADTH report
Technology report 52
Subjects
Wounds and Injuries
Skin Manifestations
Transplants
ISBN
1894978501
Language
English
Material Type
Report
Online
Audience
Professional
Location
Internet
Read Online
http://www.cadth.ca/media/pdf/252_artificial_skin_grafts_tr_e.pdf
Show Less

AYA cancer impact report 2008-2012

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog120156
Canadian Task Force on Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) with Cancer, Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. [Toronto, ON]: Canadian Partnership Against Cancer , [2013].
Audience
Professional
Call Number
QZ200 C212 2013
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
More Information
Alternate Title
Adolescents and young adults (AYA) : responding to the needs of a "Lost Tribe"
Corporate Author
Canadian Task Force on Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) with Cancer
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer
Place of Publication
[Toronto, ON]
Publisher
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer
Publication Date
[2013]
Physical Description
20 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.
Subjects
Adolescent
Young Adult
Adolescent Health
Neoplasms - psychology
Neoplasms - prevention & control
Neoplasms - rehabilitation
Survivors
Continuity of Patient Care
Needs Assessment
Health Planning
Canada
Notes
The Canadian task force on adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer : a CPAC/C17 initiative - Cover
Language
English
Material Type
Report
Audience
Professional
Location
Vancouver Library
Call Number
QZ200 C212 2013

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
Show Less

Back to work after breast cancer

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog16475
Nessim, Susan. Los Angeles, CA: Susan Nessim-Keeney/Cancervive , 2006.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WP870 B126 2006
Availability
4 copies, 4 available
This DVD tells the story of six vibrant women, each intent on making a contribution through their careers. The women work at different jobs, but are alike in one important way: they are balancing the demands of a breast cancer illness and work. It explores the challenges women face in the workplac…
More Information
Author
Nessim, Susan
Corporate Author
Cancervive
Living With It
Place of Publication
Los Angeles, CA
Publisher
Susan Nessim-Keeney/Cancervive
Publication Date
2006
Physical Description
27 minutes
Subjects
Occupational Health Services
Breast Neoplasms - psychology
Breast Neoplasms - rehabilitation
Social Support
Employment
Workplace
Personnel Management
Life Change Events
Survivors
Popular Work
Abstract
This DVD tells the story of six vibrant women, each intent on making a contribution through their careers. The women work at different jobs, but are alike in one important way: they are balancing the demands of a breast cancer illness and work. It explores the challenges women face in the workplace as they journey through treatment to recovery.
Language
English
Material Type
Video
DVD
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Victoria Cancer Info Ctr
Kelowna Cancer Info Ctr
Abbotsford Cancer Info Ctr
Call Number
WP870 B126 2006

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

Barb Tarbox : a life cut short by tobacco

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog15587
Tarbox, Barb. Edmonton, AB: AADAC , 2003.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WA900 T179 2003
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
More Information
Author
Tarbox, Barb
Corporate Author
Alberta Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Commission
Place of Publication
Edmonton, AB
Publisher
AADAC
Publication Date
2003
Physical Description
17 minutes + 1 guide
Subjects
Lung Neoplasms
Smoking - prevention & control
Tobacco - prevention & control
Smoking Cessation
Personal Narratives
Popular Work
Language
English
Material Type
Video
DVD
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Call Number
WA900 T179 2003

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
Show Less

BCCA early lung cancer detection research program

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog15963
Lam, Stephen. [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services , 2007.
Audience
Professional
Call Number
QZ206 B365 2007 v.234
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
More Information
Alternate Title
Monday noon seminar series
Author
Lam, Stephen
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Research Centre Seminar Series
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services
Publication Date
2007
Physical Description
60 minutes
Series
BC Cancer Research Centre seminar series 234
Subjects
Lung Neoplasms - etiology
Lung Neoplasms - diagnosis
Lung Neoplasms - prevention & control
Early Diagnosis
Bronchoscopy - methods
Language
English
Material Type
Video
DVD
Audience
Professional
Location
Vancouver Library AV Room
Call Number
QZ206 B365 2007 v.234

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library AV Room Available
Show Less

Bioinformatics for flow cytometry and its application to graft versus host disease

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog15654
Brinkman, Ryan. [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services , 2007.
Audience
Professional
Call Number
QZ206 B365 2007 v.221
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
More Information
Alternate Title
Monday noon seminar series
Author
Brinkman, Ryan
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Research Centre Seminar Series
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services
Publication Date
2007
Physical Description
60 minutes
Series
BC Cancer Research Centre seminar series 221
Subjects
Medical Informatics
Flow Cytometry
Graft vs Host Disease
Computational Biology
Language
English
Material Type
Video
DVD
Audience
Professional
Location
Vancouver Library AV Room
Call Number
QZ206 B365 2007 v.221

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library AV Room Available
Show Less

Bloom : flower of life

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog18372
Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health, R.O.C. Taipei, Taiwan: Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health , 1996.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WP870 B655 1996
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
An educational program for breast cancer patients covering diagnosis, treatment and side effects.. Provides emotional support for patients
More Information
Corporate Author
Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health, R.O.C.
Place of Publication
Taipei, Taiwan
Publisher
Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health
Publication Date
1996
Physical Description
35 minutes
Subjects
Breast Neoplasms
Nutrition
Exercise Therapy
Popular Work
Abstract
An educational program for breast cancer patients covering diagnosis, treatment and side effects.. Provides emotional support for patients
Language
Chinese-Mandarin
Material Type
Video
DVD
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Call Number
WP870 B655 1996

Copies

c.2 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
Show Less

Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada InfoDays 2009 : a day of hope and support

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog18841
Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada. London, ON: Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada , 2009.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WL358 B815 2009
Availability
5 copies, 5 available
The Peaks and valleys of brain tumour treatment by Dr. Vivek Mehta; A Family perspective by Hali Bauld and Chantal LeBlanc; Brain tumours : a stem cell disease by Dr. Peter Dirks; Radiation Therapy for brain tumours : what's new? by Dr. Glenn Bauman; Brain tumour basics by Dr. Brian Thiessen; Gliob…
More Information
Alternate Title
Brain tumour infodays
Author
Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada
Place of Publication
London, ON
Publisher
Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada
Publication Date
2009
Subjects
Brain Neoplasms - therapy
Popular Work
Abstract
The Peaks and valleys of brain tumour treatment by Dr. Vivek Mehta
A Family perspective by Hali Bauld and Chantal LeBlanc
Brain tumours : a stem cell disease by Dr. Peter Dirks
Radiation Therapy for brain tumours : what's new? by Dr. Glenn Bauman
Brain tumour basics by Dr. Brian Thiessen
Glioblastoma treatments by Dr. Kenn Petruk
Language
English
Material Type
Video
DVD
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Kelowna Cancer Info Ctr
Abbotsford Cancer Info Ctr
Call Number
WL358 B815 2009

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency ARHCC Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency KEL Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.3 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
Show Less

Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada : our lives have been changed by a brain tumour

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog18893
Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada, Homespun Productions. London, ON: Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada , 2009?.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WL358 B815b 2009
Availability
2 copies, 2 available
This is about the Brain Tumor Foundation of Canada's activities and services.; Introduction; Statistics; Founders; Research; Services; Volunteers; Information day; Spring sprint; Survivor; Donor; Thank you
More Information
Corporate Author
Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada
Homespun Productions
Place of Publication
London, ON
Publisher
Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada
Publication Date
2009?
Subjects
Brain Neoplasms
Voluntary Health Agencies
Child
Adult
Popular Work
Abstract
This is about the Brain Tumor Foundation of Canada's activities and services.
Introduction
Statistics
Founders
Research
Services
Volunteers
Information day
Spring sprint
Survivor
Donor
Thank you
Language
English
French
Material Type
Video
DVD
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Call Number
WL358 B815b 2009

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.2 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
Show Less

Breast cancer control in Canada : a system performance special focus report

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog113935
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. [Toronto, ON]: Canadian Partnership Against Cancer , 2012.
Audience
Professional
More Information
  2 read online  
Corporate Author
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer
Place of Publication
[Toronto, ON]
Publisher
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer
Publication Date
2012
Physical Description
iii, 114 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
Series
System performance reports
Subjects
Breast Neoplasms - prevention & control
Quality of Health Care
Canada
Notes
September 2012
Language
English
Material Type
Report
Online
Audience
Professional
Location
Internet
Read Online
http://www.systemperformance.ca/report/breast-cancer-control-in-canada-a-system-performance-special-focus-report/
http://www.systemperformance.ca/reports/
Show Less

Breast cancer : economic impact and labour force re-entry

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog18952
Dunbrack, Janet. [Ottawa, ON]: Canadian Breast Cancer Network (CBCN) , 2010.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WP870 D899 2010
Availability
3 copies, 3 available
More Information
  2 read online  
Author
Dunbrack, Janet
Corporate Author
Canadian Breast Cancer Network
Place of Publication
[Ottawa, ON]
Publisher
Canadian Breast Cancer Network (CBCN)
Publication Date
2010
Physical Description
44 p. : ill. ; 21 cm.
Subjects
Breast Neoplasms - economics
Quality of Life
Insurance Coverage
Women, Working
Cost of Illness
Employment
Financing, Personal
Survivors
Canada
Language
English
Material Type
Report
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Library
Vancouver Cancer Info Ctr
Internet
Call Number
WP870 D899 2010
Read Online
https://www.cbcn.ca/en/bc_economic_impact?
https://www.cbcn.ca/web/default/files/public/Reports/Economic%20Impact%20and%20Labour%20Force%20Re-Entry%20Report%20-%20E.pdf

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Cancer Info Ctr Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library Available
c.1 BC Cancer Agency VIC Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

Breast cancer wait times in Canada : 2008 report card

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog18171
Canadian Breast Cancer Network. [Ottawa, ON]: Canadian Breast Cancer Network (CBCN) , 2008.
Audience
Patient or Public
Call Number
WP870 C213b 2008
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
More Information
  3 read online  
Corporate Author
Canadian Breast Cancer Network
Place of Publication
[Ottawa, ON]
Publisher
Canadian Breast Cancer Network (CBCN)
Publication Date
2008
Physical Description
44 p. ; 21 cm.
Subjects
Breast Neoplasms - diagnosis
Breast Neoplasms - therapy
Hospitals
Health Planning Guidelines
Practice Guidelines as Topic
Health Services Administration - standards
Health Services Accessibility - standards
Waiting Lists
Canada
Language
English
Material Type
Report
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Location
Vancouver Cancer Info Ctr
Internet
Call Number
WP870 C213b 2008
Read Online
http://www.cbcn.ca
http://www.cbcn.ca/index.php?pageaction=content.page&id=1931&lang=en
http://www.cbcn.ca/documents/cbcn_special_reports/Wait_Times_2008_EN.pdf

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Cancer Info Ctr Available
Show Less

Bugs 'R us : the role of microbes in human health and disease (including diarrhea and asthma)

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog21369
Finlay, B. Brett. [Vancouver, BC?]: BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services , 2013.
Audience
Professional
Call Number
QZ206 B365 2013 v.340
Availability
1 copy, 1 available
More Information
Alternate Title
Monday noon seminar series
BCCA Research Seminar Series
Author
Finlay, B. Brett
Corporate Author
BC Cancer Research Centre Seminar Series
Place of Publication
[Vancouver, BC?]
Publisher
BC Cancer Agency. Multi-Media Services
Publication Date
2013
Physical Description
60 minutes
Series
BC Cancer Research Centre seminar series 340
Subjects
Microbiota
Metagenome
Diarrhea - etiology
Asthma - etiology
Communicable Disease Control
Language
English
Material Type
Video
DVD
Audience
Professional
Location
Vancouver Library AV Room
Call Number
QZ206 B365 2013 v.340

Copies

c.1 BC Cancer Agency VAN Library AV Room Available
Show Less

Canadian strategy for cancer control 2019-2029

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog121666
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. [Toronto, ON]: Canadian Partnership Against Cancer , [2019].
Audience
Professional
Strategy's priorities:; Priority 1 - Decrease the risk of people getting cancer.; Priority 2 - Diagnose cancer faster, accurately and at an earlier stage.; Priority 3 - Deliver high-quality care in a sustainable, world-class system.; Priority 4 - Eliminate barriers to people getting the care they n…
More Information
  2 read online  
Alternate Title
Canadian strategy for cancer control
Canadian strategy for cancer control 2019-2029 : doing together what cannot be done alone
Corporate Author
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer
Place of Publication
[Toronto, ON]
Publisher
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer
Publication Date
[2019]
Subjects
Neoplasms - prevention & control
Health Planning
Delivery of Health Care
Health Services, Indigenous
Research
Canada
Abstract
Strategy's priorities:
Priority 1 - Decrease the risk of people getting cancer.
Priority 2 - Diagnose cancer faster, accurately and at an earlier stage.
Priority 3 - Deliver high-quality care in a sustainable, world-class system.
Priority 4 - Eliminate barriers to people getting the care they need.
Priority 5 - Deliver information and supports for people living with cancer, families and caregivers.
First Nations, Inuit and Métis - 3 key cancer-care priorities:
Priority 1 - Culturally appropriate care closer to home
Priority 2 - Peoples-specific, self-determined cancer care
Priority 3 - First Nations-, Inuit- or Métis-governed research and data systems
ISBN
9781988000398
9781988000381
Language
English
French
Material Type
Report
Online
Audience
Professional
Location
Internet
Read Online
https://www.partnershipagainstcancer.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Canadian-Strategy-Cancer-Control-2019-2029-EN.pdf
https://www.partnershipagainstcancer.ca/cancer-strategy/
Show Less

Cancer Workforce Scoping Study : a report from the front lines of Canada's cancer control workforce : technical report

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog19974
Gaudette, Leslie, Da Prat, Christine. [Toronto, ON]: Canadian Partnership Against Cancer , 2010.
Audience
Professional
More Information
  1 read online  
Author
Gaudette, Leslie
Da Prat, Christine
Corporate Author
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer
Place of Publication
[Toronto, ON]
Publisher
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer
Publication Date
2010
Subjects
Cancer Care Facilities - manpower
Health Planning
Health Policy
Health Services Needs and Demand
Health Manpower - trends
Health Personnel
Delivery of Health Care
Health Services Accessibility
Canada
Notes
March 2010
Language
English
Material Type
Report
Online
Audience
Professional
Location
Internet
Read Online
http://www.cancerview.ca/idc/groups/public/documents/webcontent/hhr_cwss_technical_report.pdf
Show Less

Caring for the air : Metro Vancouver 2016

https://bccalibrary.andornot.com/en/permalink/catalog114776
Metro Vancouver. Burnaby, BC: Metro Vancouver , 2016.
Audience
Patient or Public
Professional
More Information
  2 read online  
Alternate Title
Caring for the air report 2016
Corporate Author
Metro Vancouver
Place of Publication
Burnaby, BC
Publisher
Metro Vancouver
Publication Date
2016
Physical Description
21 p. : ill.
Subjects
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Health
Climate Change
Air Pollutants
Air Pollution, Indoor
Air Pollution - adverse effects
Smoke - adverse effects
Health Impact Assessment
Vehicle Emissions
Greenhouse Effect
Vancouver
Language
English
Material Type
Report
Online
Audience
Patient or Public
Professional
Location
Internet
Website Notes
"Metro Vancouver's Caring for the Air report is an easy-to-read annual publication that provides information about air quality and climate change issues in our region, as well as programs that protect public health and the environment, improve visual air quality, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions."
Read Online
http://www.metrovancouver.org/services/air-quality/information-public/caring-for-the-air/Pages/default.aspx
http://www.metrovancouver.org/services/air-quality/AirQualityPublications/Caring_for_the_Air-MV2016.pdf
Show Less

20 records – page 1 of 1.